Advanced 3D printing techniques for multi-functional micro-optics

We present innovative fabrication materials and methods for creating multi-refractive index, multi-transparency, and complex micro-optics. This study utilizes polymetric silsesquioxane (PSQ) processed through direct laser writing (DLW) with two-photon polymerization (TPP). By precisely adjusting laser power, scanning speed, structure thickness, and heating rates during the 3D printing process, we achieve controlled and accurate final properties of the glass after thermal treatment. This method allows for the production of multifunctional structures without requiring additional external processes. Furthermore, we demonstrate new applications by directly printing stops, apertures, mounts, and clear glass lenses in a single additive manufacturing procedure. These techniques enable the fabrication of high-NA stray light-resistant glass optical objectives, high-NA achromatic glass optical objectives, forward and side-looking glass OCT objectives, and high-NA miniature fiber glass endoscopes, all with superior image quality.