Output power stabilization of Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser with TEC cooling systems

In previous studies, the output of Ti:Sapphire lasers with a water-cooling system exhibited periodic fluctuations due to the heat exchange cycle between the crystal and the chiller. This phenomenon corresponds to the crystal's temperature variation cycle, leading to instability in the laser output. To mitigate this issue, we simulated the short-term stabilization of Ti:Sapphire lasers using a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) system. The thermal properties of the laser gain medium were modeled under two conditions—TEC and water cooling—using Ansys Fluent and SolidWorks simulations. Based on these results, we proposed a novel laser design that enhances both the stability and lifetime of the system.