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25 - 30 January 2025
San Francisco, California, US

G&H Group

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G&H Group
Dowlish Ford
Ilminster
United Kingdom
TA19 0PF
Website: gandh.com

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Company Presentations

Paper 13355-44
Author(s): Matthew Welch, Peter Kean, Gooch & Housego (Torquay) Ltd. (United Kingdom)
30 January 2025 • 11:30 AM - 11:50 AM PST | Moscone South, Room 208 (Level 2)
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Paper 13358-18
Author(s): Matthew T. Whittaker, Gooch & Housego, Cleveland (United States)
28 January 2025 • 9:30 AM - 10:00 AM PST | Moscone South, Room 76 (Lower Mezz)
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Announcements

11 December 2024
G&H Space Technology Part of Recently Announced Success in JAXA Inter-satellite Communication
G&H (LON: GHH), the leading optics and photonics solutions provider, is pleased to be part of the recent statement from JAXA, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, about the success of the communication between their Optical Data Relay Satellite (ODRS) with the Daichi No. 4 Advanced Radar Satellite at a speed of 1.8 gigabits per second (Gbps) in the 1.5 μm wavelength band – one of the world’s fastest inter-satellite data transmissions to be recorded. G&H has been involved with the project via its fiber optic systems and photonic technologies included in LUCAS (Laser Utilising Communication System), a hardware developed in collaboration with Japan’s NEC Corporation that has been placed on board ODRS. This system has been paramount to the success of the Japanese mission, powering the recorded downlink speed without issues over 40,000 km of distance between satellites. G&H’s role in this success story corresponds to the development of the cutting-edge, power-efficient optical amplifier technology that enabled closing the link budget at the presented speed and distance. The LUCAS system includes two G&H-designed and built optical amplifiers that are used to facilitate an all-optical bidirectional link between the geosynchronous orbit (GEO) and the low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. A high-power optical amplifier is used to boost the signal at the transmitter, and a low-noise pre-amplifier is placed at the receiver end to amplify the photons coming from tens of thousands of kilometers away. G&H space photonics expertise, originating from Constelex, a small Greek start-up acquired in 2013, was combined with the long-standing G&H’s heritage in manufacturing high reliability systems for undersea fiber optics to move up the value chain in the space sector. In the frames of this project, G&H managed to qualify new space-grade fiber optic components and has integrated them into state-of-the-art amplifier systems built in dedicated clean rooms at the company’s Torquay facility in the United Kingdom. The inter-satellite communication development comes as a positive response to the growing connectivity challenges the space industry is facing. These include topics such as available bandwidth, time sensitivity and the security of the transferred data. G&H, through fiber optic and laser-based product lines similar to the ones in LUCAS, is expanding the space ecosystem of tools and technology that provides high-precision solutions with an upstanding accessibility threshold. “Seeing an idea transform from a design on a piece of paper to a fully space-qualified system orbiting the planet is overwhelming,” comments Stratos Kehayas, President of the Photonics Division at G&H. “From the beginning, we were certain that a different technological approach was required to make laser communications not only possible but also scalable, future-proof and ultimately a commercial success. So, this recent news from JAXA reporting on the success of the high-speed transmission of data between its satellites reminded us all at G&H what teamwork, persistence and innovative thinking can achieve. Just imagine: our starting point in space heritage were passive coupler modules placed on the European Space Agency’s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite that weighed only a few grams and measured a few centimeters. By the end of that project, we were flying complex photonic systems containing fiber-optics, lasers and electronics weighing several kilograms – a great achievement regarding going up the value chain. None of that would have been possible without the G&H space photonics team in Torquay, UK and I feel extremely lucky to have worked alongside these brilliant engineers. I am also grateful for our Japanese Sales team, Masashi Wada and Yoshitaka Yokoyama, for guiding us throughout this entire journey. I also want to extend my congratulations to JAXA for this world-leading result. We will always be thankful for the trust the NEC Space Technologies team showed us by selecting us to be part of this ground-breaking project and we are looking forward to pioneer future space technologies together.” “We are very honored to have been involved in such a trailblazing space project as this one from JAXA,” affirms Masashi Wada, Senior Sales Director Asia Pacific at G&H.“I believe our team’s passion for the purpose of this technological advancement in space comms has been made visible through the achieved results. Working alongside NEC Corporation on the optical link has also been a true privilege. We have put in a lot of effort, time, and focus into overcoming many issues with this project, as one is to expect when testing new frontiers. But together, with both G&H and NEC on board, we all succeeded. From my side, I would like to extend special thanks to Stratos and his team, who first introduced the capability of Space Photonics to G&H. We also would want to express our deepest appreciation to the NEC team, with whom we have kept close communication throughout all stages of this project. We are extremely proud to have collaborated with their teams, a company dedicated to pioneering space development in Japan. NEC, equipping Dr. Itokawa’s Kappa rocket with a telemetry transmitter and receiver back in 1956, have built the satellite relay system for the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, and have delivered Japan’s first artificial satellite in 1970. Today, they have announced their breakthrough in inter-satellite communication. We are honored to have been able to contribute with our technology, thus taking new steps in space history together.” The undertaken mission will continue its experimental documentation of how different positions, speeds and distances between the Optical Data Relay Satellite and the Daichi No. 4 influence communication quality, an experience powered by state-of-the-art G&H fiber optics and laser technology.
11 December 2024
Day of Photonics – an interview with Dr. Stratos Kehayas, President of the Photonics Division at G&H
October 21st marks Day of Photonics, a moment that honors the 1983 Conference on Weights and Measures where the value for the speed of light was established. Since then, the photonics sector has grown at exponential scale. To map the immense successes and the current challenges the field is experiencing, we sat down with one of the key actors in photonics, Dr. Stratos Kehayas, President of the Photonics Division at G&H, for a conversation on innovation, Star Trek and the emerging landscape of today’s photonics arena. Q: What has drawn you to the world of photonics? SK: The photonics sector captivated me from a young age due to its unique ability to be disruptive. Photonics can completely change the game whenever it is introduced into new applications, displacing the existing incumbent technology. I have been fascinated with light and the physics behind photonics and fiber optics since I was 16 years old. Because I'm a sci-fi enthusiast, I have been able always connect what I was reading or watching with ways in which we can generate and manipulate light. Just check out Star Wars, Star Trek or Battlestar Galactica – you’ll find plenty of photonics-inspired examples there such as tractor beams, laser guns and phasers, to name a few. Did you know that tractor beams actually exist and are used on the nano-level to manipulate atoms with application in bioengineering and quantum sensing? Q: What do you find most surprising about the photonics industry? SK: Despite the fact that we all use products made with photonics hundreds of times daily, the field is still considered an exotic niche. Considering the plethora of applications and areas photonics is underpinning, such as chip manufacturing, telecoms, space, biomedical imaging, laser surgery, AI etc. it’s frustrating to see that photonics is still not a very well-known industry. In this sense, we are failing as a community to explain to the rest of the world what we actually do. Electronics on the other hand managed to be established as a ubiquitous enabling technology, underpinning trillions dollar upstream industries. But, from a behavioral perspective, the status quo is no different for optics and photonics. Your laptop, your smartphone, your TV, your solar panels, your oven, your car - all incorporate tens or hundreds of steps that need lasers to get manufactured. The chips that can be found in every device need lasers to get manufactured. And still, if you ask someone what photonics are, they will think Sci-fi. AI chips, undersea networks, Mars rovers, planes, trains, automobiles, medical devices – all need photonics to function; the field is very diverse and the global impact, massive. Q: So where does the issue of recognizability for the photonics field stem from? SK: In my opinion, the issue stems from its versatility. Going back to the comparison with electronics, one might say the photonics branch is more technical, so automatically that would translate into it being less accessible to the public. But that is not the reason for its shadow position. The difference between the popularity of electronics versus photonics lies in the fragmented nature in terms of both technology and market verticals. Electronics are fairly standardized; If you think electronics you usually visualize a chip and a green circuit board that can go into virtually everything humans create. Photonics is very different. We are talking about a multi-material technology that can be applied in a plethora of applications; you can have multiple combinations of the periodic table that give you unique and exotic parameters that then in turn enable completely different applications. The versatility and power of photonics then becomes a weakness by being scattered, fragmented without critical mass and a single voice. This status quo in our industry is why we need to overly disseminate, as a community, what photonics represent and concentrate on what we have in common rather than what is different. At the moment, we are focusing on the differences between us. But what we should do instead is to concentrate on the impact we have as a community on the world through the market verticals we're enabling. That extends to saving lives using photonic-enabled medical equipment, revolutionising the way we communicate with fiber-optics, enabling planetary exploration and making artificial intelligence a reality. Q: Since you mentioned the disruptive aspect of the field, what are the inventions you would want to see happening that would change our world? SK: Throughout my career, I have been present at different stages of industry disruption with photonics. There were a couple of instances that I joined the R&D community and did my part in pushing that boundary. So, I am personally invested in bringing even more of that side of technology into the world. We are approaching a few exciting new frontiers in photonics. For example, human interaction with photonic sensors is going to change the way we approach life sciences, with the advent of concepts like optogenetics. Photonic integrated circuits are going to be disruptive and together with quantum computing will revolutionise the world. Humans are not thinking fast enough to sustain the same level of evolution we have been seeing in the last few years – we need machines to help us advance as a species and get the answers we need. We can’t wait 80,000 years to reach Alpha Centauri – can we get machines to help us build photonic teleportation devices? The Flux Capacitor? We don’t want to exhaust the planet’s energy sources by operating these quantum computers, so we need projects like laser fusion to be successful and help us access atomic and subatomic energy pockets. So, simply put, we need Quantum Computers and AI to think for us, biophotonic integrated systems so we can live longer and infinite supply of energy – so I can finally take my well-deserved vacation to Alpha Centauri. It is a privilege to be part of such a vibrant, forward-thinking field and work with a group of people who are talented and motivated. We just need to be more extrovert and don’t be shy to talk about what we do in our daily lives – we work in Photonics.
11 December 2024
Pink is For Winners: How Early Cancer Detection Technology is Making the Biggest Difference for Breast Cancer Patients
Breast cancer, an abnormal cell growth in breast tissue, is the second most common cancer type in the world, with it being number one in affecting women. In 2022, 2,296,840 new cases were detected in women according to the World Health Organization[1], while in 2024, 360,000 people are likely to be diagnosed with this disease in the United States alone according to the National Breast Cancer Foundation.[2] Behind each number, there is a story of shock, dismay, and, ultimately, hope for healing. In this regard, emerging discoveries and technologies from this field add hopeful incentive for accurate breast cancer detection and screening. This translates into cancers being discovered in their early phases when the condition is not life-threatening. At G&H, we are empowering the latest generation of cancer care tech through the Sentimag® platform in partnership with Endomag. As mentioned by Cathy Coleman, Assistant Professor at the University of San Francisco School of Nursing and Health Professions, San Francisco, CA, “Currently there is no cure for breast cancer; although primary prevention through risk reduction utilizing chemoprevention or prophylactic surgery remain options for selected women at significantly high risk. Therefore, secondary prevention through earlier detection and screening offers the most viable, effective, and practical interventions for women worldwide.”[3] This has been the driving idea behind Endomag, a UK-based, life sciences company whose mission is to improve breast cancer treatment for all. In particular, their focus lies on preventing surgical and other invasive therapies, since overtreatment, as well as undertreatment can lead to significant complications for the patient. Endomag has partnered with G&H through our G&H | ITL facility in Ashford, United Kingdom, to design and develop a state-of-the-art surgical guidance system for breast cancer – a challenging project in the face of the numerous complexities presented by the disease evolution and the diverging treatment schemes. The premise for the proof-of-concept came out of a university project called Biomagnetometer Project, set up by Quentin Pankhurst, Co-founder of Endomag and Director of the UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics Laboratory, at University College London (UCL). While looking for applications for magnetic nanoparticles, the project team had been advised by Michael Douek, a surgeon, to consider implementing the idea for operations. Medical personnel dealing with breast cancer surgeries needed new tools that could help them gain critically important information about the affected tissue, emphasizing high precision. With the advent of trackable magnetic material, the team at Endomag decided to pursue this research avenue in a way that would make the tool reliable for surgeons and safe to use for patients. G&H was tasked with taking this raw idea, which included the use of highly sensitive liquid nitrogen and a superconducting quantum interface device (SQUID), and developing a commercially viable, production-ready medical solution. Next to making sure the new device functioned at peak capacity, the new product also required user-friendly handling. For this, the G&H team capitalized on our well-established industrial design know-how, creating an aesthetically pleasing, ergonomic version of the Sentimag® that would seamlessly fit any operating theater. Today, the device is helping hundreds of surgery teams from around the world in conducting breast biopsies with stellar diagnosis results. The transition from new product to full-volume output for Endomag confirms G&H as a trusted contract manufacturer, as production volumes and device sales increase. According to the American Cancer Society[4], breast cancer death rates have been consistently declining since 1989, resulting in an overall 42% decrease through 2021. This data precisely shows where life science partners such as Endomag make the biggest difference in the field of cancer care. By working on life-saving innovations such as Sentimag®, we are showing our active support for the main message of October, which marks Breast Cancer Awareness Month – staying hopeful, because there is so much to be hopeful about in this field today. [1] World Health Organization: WHO & World Health Organization: WHO. (2024, March 13). Breast cancer. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer. [2]Breast cancer information, support & donations - National Breast Cancer Foundation. (2024, September 26). National Breast Cancer Foundation. https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/. [3] Coleman, C. (2017). Early detection and screening for breast cancer. Seminars in Oncology Nursing, 33(2), 141–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soncn.2017.02.009. [4]Breast cancer Statistics | How common is breast cancer? (n.d.). American Cancer Society. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/about/how-common-is-breast-cancer.html#.
11 December 2024
G&H Strengthens Aerospace & Defence Capabilities with the Acquisition of Phoenix Optical Technologies Ltd.
Gooch & Housego (G&H), a global leader in advanced photonics solutions, is pleased to announce the acquisition of Phoenix Optical Technologies Ltd., a specialist in the manufacture of precision optics based in St. Asaph, Wales, UK. This strategic acquisition strengthens G&H’s Aerospace & Defence capabilities and expands the company’s presence in the UK and European markets as a critical supplier to leading defence primes. Phoenix Optical Technologies brings expertise in precision optics processes, including prisms, domes, specialist machining and Single Point Diamond Turning (SPDT). These capabilities will significantly bolster G&H’s Optical Systems division, enhancing the company's ability to deliver cutting-edge optical systems solutions to its customers in Aerospace & Defence as well as Industrial and Life Sciences markets. Charlie Peppiatt, CEO of G&H, commented, “I am delighted to welcome Phoenix to the G&H Group. Phoenix is a highly capable, well-regarded British precision optics supplier with a strong portfolio of products and services. Together we will be able to better solve our customers’ most complex optical systems requirements. The combination of the Phoenix and G&H teams brings together industry leading technology and know-how with efficient scalable operations that will support G&H to deliver an exceptional customer experience, become a first-choice optical systems solutions provider and make a better world with photonics.” Tony Palframan, Founder and CEO of Phoenix Optical Technologies, shared his enthusiasm for the acquisition, stating, “We are excited to join forces with G&H, a company that shares our commitment to precision, quality, and innovation. By combining our expertise with G&H’s global scale and reach, we see tremendous opportunities to further develop our offerings and bring even more value to our customers.” With this acquisition, G&H is well-positioned to accelerate growth, enhance its precision optics and optical systems capabilities, and solidify its position as a leading provider of optical and photonic solutions. About Gooch & Housego Gooch & Housego (G&H) is a world leader in optical design, testing and manufacturing. As experts in the technology of light, G&H works with customers to provide optical systems, assemblies, and components for demanding applications. Headquartered in Ilminster Somerset, UK with eleven facilities in the UK and USA, G&H is recognised for the breadth of their acousto-optic, electro-optic, crystal-optic, fibre optic, and precision optic products. G&H is the preferred source of photonics capabilities for OEMs in the life sciences, industrial, and aerospace and defence industries, with a history of quality and excellence that dates back over seventy-five years. About Phoenix Optical Technologies Ltd. Phoenix Optical Technologies Ltd. (POTL), based in the heart of the North Wales optical manufacturing hub in St. Asaph, has been at the forefront of precision optics since its founding by Tony Palframan in 1991. Over the past three decades, POTL has continually adapted to meet the evolving technological demands of today’s world, providing a comprehensive in-house service that spans the entire optical manufacturing process. From raw glass materials to polished, coated finished optical parts, prisms, and assemblies, POTL offers an end-to-end solution for the most complex requirements. With advanced machinery, long-standing customer relationships, and highly skilled teams across four sites, POTL remains a trusted partner in precision optics as it embraces cutting-edge innovations in optical science.
11 December 2024
Together Through Thick and Thin: What Real Customer Success Looks Like with Bill Keating, General Manager at G&H Moorpark
Client relationship management (CRM) represents one of the toughest jobs within any business sector because of its delicate and ever-changing nature. So much can be at stake, in particular when dealing with difficult scenarios for the involved parties. Aside from understanding potential concerns, the team working on client success needs to first and foremost make sure expectations are being met. We’ve sat down with Bill Keating, General Manager at G&H Moorpark, who has recently been involved in a partnership transformation with one of G&H’s most critical clients: Honeywell. In this discussion, Bill explains more about the initial status quo with our partners on a specific project, what strategies have been employed to create a positive outcome and what formed the key to success for both G&H and our client. Discover the real path to client success in the conversation below: Q: Bill, tell us a bit about yourself and your background as a professional. BK: Certainly. I’m Bill Keating, General Manager at G&H Moorpark, a design and manufacturing facility for precision optics, particularly known for its super-polished optics and photonics engineering within the larger G&H Group. My role is to make sure the site runs smoothly and that everyone, from employee to customer, is satisfied with their experience at Gooch and Housego. My career is coming close to a 30-year benchmark. I studied Electronics at the Wentworth Institute of Technology in Boston, Massachusetts and, later, followed an MBA program at the University of Rhode Island in the United States. Right after my studies, I went into work, especially in roles that covered strategy and process optimization. If I look back, the essence of my roles within companies has always revolved around fixing things – changing the status quo into something better. I'd typically go into a business that would not be performing…at least not to the standards it envisioned for itself, and I'd fix it through all sorts of strategic tweaks. And then, I'd take on another business and fix that. Of course, each process took its respective time. I don't jump around very much in terms of businesses. In fact, this role with G&H is only my fourth job in my entire career. I usually look for companies that are underperforming in a certain aspect, that I believe should be able to achieve better results within the engineering realm. Many of the companies where I’ve been are based on built-to-order OEM relationships. That’s how I fit in so well with G&H in my current role. You know, I've done some pretty significant distribution work with multi-site companies that were operating internationally – a resemblance with the current G&H ecosystem. That is how I ended up maintaining a lot of customer relations in different countries and have been able to grow the businesses I was involved with to a significant degree together with the teams I was responsible for. I pretty much started on a production floor and worked my way all the way up into general management and discovered that full profit-and-loss (P&L) responsibility is kind of where I like to sit mostly. Q: Internally, you are known for receiving stellar feedback from our customers in terms of relationship management, even informally. There was even one important project that you were assigned to with tech giant Honeywell, one of our most important partners, which needed a general, refreshed outlook. How did you start working on this specific customer partnership? BK: I started working on this project on November 3rd of last year. So, when I was assigned to handle this partnership, we were quite a bit behind on a commitment to ramp up about a 50% increase in the amount of product that we would ship to Honeywell. So, we had to go back and really rework the ramp-up plan, trying to make sure that we had enough capacity in each of the areas that would contribute to the overall goal. What was essential for this partnership was its communication element – something to which both parties actively contributed. We started off with a thorough plan of what we needed to do, and then we included a standardized communication process to make sure that everyone was aware of what was going on, of what was happening at every single checkpoint. If something didn't work out according to plan, we made sure that the counterparts from Honeywell were aware of the situation, so that they could readjust their schedules accordingly. We started with high-end questions at G&H such as understanding whether we had enough equipment to fulfil the requirement. And then, of course, if we maximized the equipment aspect, what types of shift profiles would we need to operate? That is how we decided to expand our second shift and then also work into getting coverage on weekends as well. We had plenty of raw stock, which was a great starting point. But then, we discovered our infrastructure needed a boost. So, we had to make pretty significant capital investments in that area. I think right now we're probably close to a $2.5 million investment in state-of-the-art manufacturing equipment over the last 2 years. That decision defined an important moment of trust between our team and those from Honeywell, as they saw concrete improvements being made for their high-tech project. We have also expanded our workforce with about a 15% increase in staffing in order to cover the specific project needs. In a nutshell, through such leadership decisions, our partners could see that we were serious. And we are serious about every order we commit to. We also let our Honeywell clients know every decision that was being taken and got them involved in the entire manufacturing process. As such, they felt seen and involved, which made a big difference down the line. Q: And which was the most challenging aspect of this partnership refresh? BK: Honestly, that would be its beginnings. My first meeting with the Honeywell team was a little tense because I had presented them the fact that we were behind where we said we would be by that point in time. The whole point of that meeting was really to reset expectations in a way that would be advantageous for both sides. That’s how we got a team from their side to come in and work together quite collaboratively in order to help each other be successful with this project. You know, as an example, we loaned them a piece of our capital equipment, to help them out on another project they were working on. We actually shipped that piece of equipment to their facility for their convenience. What we are now trying to do at G&H regarding customer delight is to go beyond what is expected. Anyone can do basics, but a partnership goes beyond that. We aim to provide an exceptional customer experience and together with my team, we’re in the business of looking at what else we can do to maximize performance and profits for everyone involved. Q: What was the key to making this process a success story? BK: I cannot understate how important teamwork is, when it’s honest and focused. At the end of the day, the only reason we ended up fixing what could have become a broken client relationship are the people involved. We are an OEM supplier to our customers. What is very critical is that our components go in a very early stage in our clients’ manufacturing process. So, we need to make sure that we're delivering when we say we are or that we are notifying them if something goes wrong, so that they're aware. I think that's really fundamental as an OEM supplier: you have to make sure you take care of all these points. I mean product quality is very, very important in our line of business, which at G&H, it can almost be taken for granted. It shouldn’t be, but the truth is that our teams are top-notch experts in their fields. And because of our organizational culture, we pay attention to what makes a product work above and beyond. But if you look at the ratings and even at the feedback coming from customers, on-time delivery usually comes up a little higher above product quality. To be able to pull all of this off, you need committed people who don’t give up when the going gets tougher. I am lucky to have Susana Contreras, our Customer Account Relationship Specialist, and Rod Schuster, Regional Sales Manager, who were 2 fundamental people for our customers. Like I told Charlie Peppiatt, our CEO, I believe that this is a niche that we should be able to convert into a profitable line of growing business for the Group if we can get our act together. And that’s what we’ve been working on really hard over the past year. As a result, I believe we are going to see some great results in 2025, aside from the thriving atmosphere in our current partnership with Honeywell. I want to thank everyone involved for helping turn this into what will become a true success story and I am looking forward to even better, more fruitful times ahead.
11 December 2024
Smaller Scales, Bigger Power: an Interview with Dr. Stuart MacFarquhar, Laureate of the Photonics100 2025 Award
With the advent of advanced data processing for emerging technologies such as AI or 6G, the pressure is on for scientists to come up with accommodating solutions. People demand reliable, fast and cost-effective innovations at an unprecedented scale to facilitate next-gen data management breakthroughs. Dr. Stuart MacFarquhar is precisely one of those standing on the precipice of scientific trial and error, working on the latest design developments in Photonics Integrated Circuits (PICs) – a piece of technology whose evolution will disrupt everything from quantum computing to how we treat diabetes. As a Design Engineer at G&H, his efforts have been recognized in the latest Photonics 100 round-up, an award that sums up the world’s leading talent in optics and photonics. We sat down with Stuart to understand what is so exciting about the emergence of next-gen PICs, what role he is playing in moving this technology forward and how he feels about winning such a prestigious accolade from ElectroOptics. Q: Stuart, congratulations on being added to the Photonics 100 2025 list! How does it feel to receive this award? SM: Thank you, I haven't worked it out yet if I'm being perfectly honest. The announcement has landed as a surprise and at a point where I am fully immersed in some demanding, yet truly interesting projects within our Photonics division at G&H. I believe being recognized at this level is a very nice feeling to experience. Especially given the other names on the Photonics100 list for 2025, I am truly humbled and grateful for this public appreciation. Q: Tell us more about the award – what was it for? SM: My current field of research is Photonic Integrated Circuits. Basically, they are a way to manipulate light via a microchip, a technology which opens up a vast array of applications because of their reliability, scalability and high-volume cost effectiveness. At G&H, we wanted to firstly create our own PIC designs and test out these different strategies, to see what can be made possible with them. At the moment, we’re busy with micro-transfer printing for heterogeneous photonic integrated circuits in collaboration with strategic EU-based partners. We know the concept is fairly widespread in certain R&D circles, but what we are trying to do is to prove its commercial viability, too. Q: Why is this process challenging to achieve? SM: Like everything PIC-related, alignment is one of the biggest challenges we face when making a functional system. Compared to the fiber-optics that we’re used to, there’s almost no room for error, in some cases losing half the light if we’re off by less than 1/1000th of a mm. This means that the selection and placement have to be done with extreme accuracy, but also high speed to avoid disrupting the high-volume manufacture. Q:Working on PICs, what demand are you answering with this emerging technology? SM: Photonic integrated circuits answer a variety of market needs. It’s truly a Leonardo da Vinci type of innovations. Specifically for photonics, one of the underlying trends is the push for miniaturization, making things smaller or making them fit in smaller spaces. The scale of this process includes reducing size, weight and power for devices and subsystems. In the case of the research and development we’re handling, my angle has been to reimagine an optical circuit design that currently fits in something the size of matchbox-to fingernail-size, meaning a 5x3 cm to 5x5 mm conversion roughly, with enhanced functionality. Silicon-based photonics is currently considered as one of the class stars for different implementations, particularly regarding high circuit complexity models, which is what we are working with at the moment. Plus, coming back to the micro-transfer printing idea, that process helps us optimize the reliability of the micro- and nano-sized solutions. By working on this big-picture process, we are paving way for a solid manner of element bonding, done in a very precise manner. We're trying to develop a methodology where you create your optical circuitry on the silicon nitride wafers as you would for any other process. And then, the point would be to independently create all of your lasers, detectors and so on, on their own native substrate materials to optimize them properly. What this means is that you can come in with a separate and carefully designed stamp that uses very, very minor adhesion forces. And then, you apply just enough pressure to cause adhesion on the laser block, together with breakage on the tethers on the new design. The logic behind this process is that by carefully adjusting the shape and positioning of the stamp, you can achieve the material transfer that you want, potentially endlessly in theory. This is something that is currently being investigated in photonics and we are making great progress on this at G&H. We want to elevate those branches that are being powered by photonic integrated circuits by offering more time-effective manufacturing options. Q: What are some examples of those branches that are about to be overhauled by this optimized technology? SM: Oh, there are all sorts of interesting things you can do in integrated photonics. There are companies interested in developing, for example, a fully implantable diagnostic sensor fora diabetes monitor.It’s the first thing that came to mind. As long as your entire device is in biologically safe and you use materials that can be implanted into the body, you could take a sort of 5-millimetre by 5-millimetre chip, surgically implant it somewhere where there is blood flow and have constant data input about your blood sugar level.Compared to the more intermittent and invasive way people are checking that data today, this emerging solution means that you don't have to take a blood sample every time you feel wobbly. You don’t even need to get to that wobbly stage in the first place. That translates into a massive life improvement which could be available to the 422 million people who have been diagnosed with diabetes around the world, according to the World Health Organization. Especially now that we have the capability to merge photonics know-how with life sciences acumen within the G&H group, such applications are becoming more of a possibility than ever before. Q: That is incredible. Thank you, Stuart, for your time and thought-provoking insights. SM: Thank you as well for this space, and again, thank you to everyone involved in putting together such a prestigious, community-building list for photonics like the Photonics 100. I am humbled by this honor.